Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, long-term condition that affects the body’s ability to process glucose, or sugar, in the bloodstream. It is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for 90 to 95 percent of all cases of diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes may experience a range of symptoms, including increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision.
What Causes Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is most common in people who are overweight or obese, and it often runs in families. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an imbalance between insulin production and insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body process glucose, and insulin resistance is a condition in which the body does not respond normally to insulin.
What Are the Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes can vary from person to person, but some of the most common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Other symptoms include slow-healing sores, frequent infections, and dark patches of skin in the creases of the neck and armpits. If left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications, such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve damage.
How Is Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed?
Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed with a blood test called a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test. The FPG test measures the amount of glucose in the bloodstream after fasting for 8 hours. If the blood glucose level is higher than normal, it may indicate diabetes. A doctor may also order an A1C test to measure the average level of glucose in the blood over the past three months.
How Is Type 2 Diabetes Treated?
Treatment for type 2 diabetes typically involves lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly. In addition, medication may be prescribed to help the body use insulin more effectively. Insulin therapy may also be recommended for people with type 2 diabetes who cannot manage their blood glucose levels with lifestyle changes and oral medications.
Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Prevented?
It is not always possible to prevent type 2 diabetes, but there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly can help to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In addition, quitting smoking and managing stress can help to lower the risk.
What Are the Complications of Type 2 Diabetes?
If left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve damage. It can also cause eye problems, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and retinopathy. People with diabetes are also at increased risk for foot problems, including infection, ulcers, and amputation.
What Should People with Type 2 Diabetes Know?
People with type 2 diabetes should work with their healthcare team to develop a plan for managing their condition. This plan should include regular check-ups, blood sugar monitoring, lifestyle changes, and medication. It is also important to learn how to recognize and treat low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, and to be aware of the signs and symptoms of high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia.
People Also Ask
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
The main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is that Type 1 is an autoimmune disorder in which the body does not produce enough insulin, while Type 2 is caused by an imbalance between insulin production and insulin resistance. Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, while Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed in adulthood.
What foods should be avoided if you have Type 2 diabetes?
People with Type 2 diabetes should avoid processed foods, sugary drinks, and foods high in saturated fat, such as red meat and full-fat dairy products. Foods that are high in refined carbohydrates, such as white bread and white rice, should also be avoided. It is also important to limit or avoid foods that are high in sodium.
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