Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that can occur if you have diabetes. High blood sugar levels can damage the walls of the tiny blood vessels (called capillaries) that nourish your nerves, especially in the legs. This can cause tingling, numbness, burning or pain that usually begins at the tips of the toes or fingers and gradually spreads upward. In some cases, diabetic neuropathy can lead to complications such as foot ulcers, infections and even gangrene, which may lead to amputation of the affected foot or leg. It is estimated that around 60-70% of people with diabetes will develop some form of neuropathy during their lifetime.
Types of Diabetic Neuropathy
There are four main types of diabetic neuropathy: peripheral, autonomic, proximal, and focal. Peripheral neuropathy is the most common type and affects the feet and legs, followed by the hands and arms. Autonomic neuropathy affects the nerves that control the digestive system, urinary tract, sex organs and blood vessels. Proximal neuropathy affects the thighs, hips, buttocks or legs. Focal neuropathy affects one nerve or a group of nerves, usually in the head, torso or leg.
Symptoms of Diabetic Neuropathy
The symptoms of diabetic neuropathy can vary depending on the type of neuropathy that you have. Common symptoms include tingling, numbness, burning or pain in the affected area. Other symptoms can include muscle weakness or loss of reflexes. Autonomic neuropathy can cause digestion issues, bladder problems, and changes in blood pressure. In some cases, it can also cause dizziness and fainting.
Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical exam and lab tests. Your doctor will check your reflexes, touch sensation and vibration sense. Blood tests can help determine if you have diabetes and if your blood sugar levels are within a normal range. Your doctor may also order nerve conduction studies, electromyography and imaging tests to check for nerve damage.
Treatment for Diabetic Neuropathy
The main goal of treatment is to manage your blood sugar levels and keep them within a normal range. This can be done through diet, exercise, medication, or a combination of all three. Your doctor may also recommend lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption and getting enough rest. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help with nerve pain and discomfort.
Prevention of Diabetic Neuropathy
The best way to prevent diabetic neuropathy is to keep your blood sugar levels within a normal range. This can be done through diet, exercise, medication, or a combination of all three. Additionally, it’s important to monitor your feet for any cuts, sores or blisters and to see your doctor regularly for check-ups. It’s also important to quit smoking and to reduce alcohol consumption.
Complications of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy can lead to complications such as foot ulcers, infections and even gangrene, which may lead to amputation of the affected foot or leg. It can also lead to other complications such as changes in blood pressure, digestive issues, bladder problems, and dizziness or fainting. It’s important to monitor your feet for any cuts, sores or blisters and to see your doctor regularly for check-ups.
Diabetic Neuropathy Journal
A diabetic neuropathy journal is a great way to keep track of your symptoms and progress. It can also be used to help you and your doctor come up with a treatment plan that works for you. The journal can be used to record your blood sugar levels, medications, diet and exercise. Additionally, it can be used to record any changes in your symptoms, such as pain, numbness, tingling or burning sensations.
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Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms, Treatments, Diet.
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