What is Diabetes Type 2?
Diabetes type 2 is a condition in which the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, a hormone which helps to control the body’s glucose levels. As a result, glucose builds up in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels. This is known as hyperglycemia. Diabetes type 2 is the most common form of diabetes and affects around 90% of all people with diabetes. It is usually diagnosed in adults over the age of 45, but is becoming increasingly common in younger age groups, including children.
There are two main types of diabetes type 2; Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, preventing them from producing insulin. Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of lifestyle factors, such as being overweight, having a poor diet and not exercising enough, as well as genetic factors. It is associated with insulin resistance, in which the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin.
What are the Causes of Diabetes Type 2?
The exact cause of diabetes type 2 is unknown, but it is thought to be associated with a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors. Being overweight and having a poor diet are two of the main causes of this condition. Not getting enough physical activity and having a family history of diabetes can also increase your risk of developing diabetes type 2.
Other risk factors for diabetes type 2 include being over the age of 45, being of non-white ethnicity, having high cholesterol, high blood pressure and having a history of gestational diabetes. Some medical conditions, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and certain medications, can also increase your risk of developing diabetes type 2.
What are the Symptoms of Diabetes Type 2?
The symptoms of diabetes type 2 can vary from person to person and may include: excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurry vision, slow healing of cuts and bruises, tingling or numbness in your hands and feet, and unexplained weight loss. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to talk to your doctor, as they may be signs of diabetes type 2.
How is Diabetes Type 2 Diagnosed?
Diabetes type 2 is diagnosed using a number of tests, including a fasting blood glucose test, an oral glucose tolerance test and an A1C test. The fasting blood glucose test measures the amount of sugar in your blood after you have gone without food for 8 hours. The oral glucose tolerance test measures how your body responds to sugar after you have consumed a certain amount of it. The A1C test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months.
What is the Treatment for Diabetes Type 2?
The treatment for diabetes type 2 depends on the individual. For some people, lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating and regular exercise, may be enough to control their diabetes. For others, medications may be needed to help control their blood sugar levels. Medications used to treat diabetes type 2 include insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists.
What are the Potential Complications of Diabetes Type 2?
If diabetes type 2 is not managed properly, it can lead to a number of serious complications. These include increased risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, eye damage and foot problems. It is important to work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your diabetes and reduce your risk of complications.
What is the Outlook for People with Diabetes Type 2?
The outlook for people with diabetes type 2 is generally good, especially if the condition is managed properly. With a healthy diet, regular exercise and the right medications, many people with diabetes type 2 can live a long and healthy life. It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s advice and make any necessary lifestyle changes to help manage your diabetes.
Conclusion
Diabetes type 2 is a condition in which the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. It is caused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors and can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications. It is important to work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your diabetes and reduce your risk of complications.
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