Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is a metabolic disorder that is caused by an imbalance in the body’s production and utilization of insulin. In people with DM, the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or doesn’t use the insulin it produces in the proper way. As a result, sugar accumulates in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels. This can cause a range of health problems if left untreated.
Diabetes mellitus is divided into two main types: type 1 and type 2. In type 1 DM, the body does not produce enough insulin, while in type 2 DM, the body does not use the insulin it produces in the proper way. Type 1 DM is usually diagnosed in childhood, while type 2 DM is usually diagnosed in adulthood. Both types of DM require lifelong treatment and management.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
The symptoms of DM vary depending on the type of DM and the severity of the disorder. Common symptoms of both type 1 and type 2 DM include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of wounds and frequent infections. People with type 1 DM may also experience nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
If you experience any of the above symptoms, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment of DM can help prevent serious health complications.
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
The diagnosis of DM is based on blood tests that measure the amount of sugar in the blood. If the blood sugar level is higher than normal, a diagnosis of DM is made. People who are at risk for DM should be tested regularly to check for early signs of the disorder.
In addition to the blood tests, a doctor may also order an oral glucose tolerance test or an A1C test to confirm the diagnosis of DM. An A1C test measures the average blood sugar level over a period of time, while an oral glucose tolerance test measures how quickly the body responds to a glucose load.
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
People with DM are at an increased risk of developing a range of serious complications. These include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, eye damage, and foot problems. People with DM are also at an increased risk of developing infections, including skin infections, urinary tract infections, and gum infections.
It is important for people with DM to receive regular medical care and to closely follow their doctor’s advice. This can help prevent or delay the onset of DM-related complications.
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
The treatment of DM depends on the type of DM and the severity of the disorder. People with type 1 DM must take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to manage their blood sugar levels. People with type 2 DM may be able to manage their condition with lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise.
In addition to lifestyle changes, people with type 2 DM may also need to take oral medications or insulin to manage their blood sugar levels. It is important for people with DM to receive regular medical care and to closely follow their doctor’s advice. This can help prevent or delay the onset of DM-related complications.
Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus
The best way to prevent DM is to maintain a healthy weight, eat a healthy diet, and get regular physical activity. People at high risk for DM should be screened regularly for early signs of the disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment of DM can help prevent or delay the onset of DM-related complications.
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