What is Diabetes Mellitus Type 2?
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic condition in which the body cannot effectively regulate the amount of glucose in the blood. This is caused by the body’s inability to produce enough insulin, the hormone which helps regulate blood glucose levels, or because the body’s cells become resistant to insulin. This form of diabetes is the most common form and affects millions of people worldwide. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight gain, fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts and bruises, and frequent infections. If left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage.
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
The main goal of treatment for type 2 diabetes is to keep blood glucose levels within the desired range. This can be accomplished through a combination of lifestyle changes, including healthy eating and exercise, as well as medication. It is important to note that medication is not always necessary and in some cases, lifestyle modifications alone can be enough to control blood sugar levels. However, if lifestyle modifications are not enough, medications may be needed to help keep blood sugar levels under control.
Types of Drugs Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
The drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes work in a variety of ways. These drugs can be divided into four main categories: sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Sulfonylureas, the oldest class of diabetes drugs, work by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. Meglitinides work in a similar fashion, but they work more quickly and are usually prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes who need fast-acting insulin. Thiazolidinediones work by increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin, while alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by slowing the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine, which prevents blood sugar levels from spiking.
Side Effects of Diabetes Drugs
All of the drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes can have side effects, some more serious than others. Sulfonylureas, for example, can cause low blood sugar levels and can also increase the risk of weight gain and heart problems. Meglitinides can cause nausea, vomiting, and headaches. Thiazolidinediones can cause fluid retention, which can lead to weight gain and an increased risk of heart failure. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors can also cause low blood sugar levels and can increase the risk of digestive problems.
Who Should Take Diabetes Drugs?
Diabetes drugs should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor. People with type 2 diabetes who have been diagnosed and who can’t control their blood sugar levels through lifestyle changes alone may need to take medication. People with type 2 diabetes who are overweight, have high blood pressure, or are at risk for heart disease should also consider taking medication. It is important to remember that medication is not always necessary and that lifestyle modifications can often be enough to keep blood glucose levels under control.
How to Take Diabetes Drugs
It is important to take diabetes drugs exactly as prescribed by a doctor. Some drugs may need to be taken with food, while others should be taken on an empty stomach. Make sure to follow the instructions carefully and take the medication at the same time every day. In addition, if blood sugar levels are not responding to the medication, it is important to talk to a doctor as soon as possible as the dose may need to be adjusted.
Alternative Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes
In addition to medication, there are other treatments for type 2 diabetes that can help control blood sugar levels. These include following a healthy diet, getting regular physical activity, and using natural therapies such as yoga, acupuncture, and herbs. Making lifestyle changes can help people with type 2 diabetes to better manage their condition and reduce their risk of complications.
People Also Ask
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Conclusion
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Treatment of type 2 diabetes typically involves lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating and exercise, as well as medication. The drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes work in a variety of ways and can have side effects, so it is important to take them as prescribed by a doctor. In addition to medications, there are other treatments for type 2 diabetes such as following a healthy diet and getting regular physical activity. With proper treatment, people with type 2 diabetes can keep their blood sugar levels within the desired range and reduce their risk of complications.
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