Managing diabetes is an important part of living with the condition. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) publishes guidelines on how to best control diabetes and reduce the risk of its associated complications. This article will provide an overview of the ADA’s 2021 recommendations for diabetes management.
Blood Glucose Control
The ADA recommends that people with diabetes monitor their blood glucose levels and aim to keep them within the target range. For people with type 1 diabetes, that range is typically 70-130 mg/dl before meals, and less than 180 mg/dl two hours after meals. For those with type 2 diabetes, the target range is typically 70-140 mg/dl before meals and less than 180 mg/dl two hours after meals. It is also important to monitor hemoglobin A1c levels. The ADA recommends an A1c level of 7% or lower for most people with diabetes.
Meal Planning and Nutrition
The ADA recommends that people with diabetes follow a healthy eating plan that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol, and high in fiber. It is also important to spread out carbohydrate intake throughout the day. For those who need help planning their meals, the ADA recommends consulting with a registered dietitian for individualized guidance.
Exercise
Regular physical activity helps people with diabetes control their blood glucose levels and manage their weight. The ADA recommends that adults with diabetes participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week. Examples of moderate-intensity activity include brisk walking, bicycling, swimming, and mowing the lawn. People with diabetes should also aim to do at least two sessions of muscle-strengthening activities each week.
Medication
For those with type 2 diabetes, the ADA recommends that people take oral medications or insulin to help keep their blood glucose levels within their target range. People with type 1 diabetes typically need to use insulin to manage their condition. It is important to work closely with one’s healthcare provider to ensure that their diabetes management plan is effective.
Self-Monitoring
The ADA recommends that those with type 1 diabetes monitor their blood glucose levels four or more times a day. Those with type 2 diabetes should check their blood glucose levels two or more times a day. People with diabetes should also use blood pressure and cholesterol monitors to help keep track of their health.
Foot Care
People with diabetes should pay special attention to their feet to reduce the risk of complications like nerve damage, infections, and ulcers. The ADA recommends that people with diabetes inspect their feet daily for cuts, sores, blisters, swelling, and redness. People should also wear shoes and socks at all times and avoid walking barefoot. They should also keep their toenails trimmed and be sure to wear shoes that fit properly.
Smoking Cessation
Smoking increases the risk of complications associated with diabetes, including heart disease and stroke. The ADA recommends that people with diabetes quit smoking or avoid starting. Those who need help quitting should consult with their healthcare provider for guidance on the best methods to do so.
Preventive Care
The ADA recommends that people with diabetes receive regular preventive care to help reduce their risk of complications. This includes regular check-ups with their healthcare provider, eye exams, foot exams, and vaccinations as recommended. People with diabetes should also follow the ADA’s recommendations for blood pressure and cholesterol control.
Conclusion
Managing diabetes is essential for helping to reduce the risk of its associated complications. The ADA’s 2021 guidelines provide recommendations for how to best control diabetes and reduce the risk of complications. This includes monitoring blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, following a healthy eating plan, participating in regular physical activity, taking medications as needed, and receiving regular preventive care. By following the ADA’s guidelines, people with diabetes can better manage their condition and reduce their risk of complications.
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